Venus, the nearest and most similar planet to Earth in the Solar System, has an atmosphere 100 times denser than our own, with little or no geomagnetic field. Only a few such craters survived on the surface of the earth so far. India's Shukrayaan-1 launches in 2023 to map the surface with radar and infrared detectors. They have thin atmosphere.5. The whole mass became a dumb-bell-shaped body and eventually, it broke. All the planets of a particular group have some common features. One day on Jupiter takes about 10 hours (the time it takes for Jupiter to rotate or spin once). The solar wind is responsible for the overall shape of Earth’s magnetosphere. Mercury is the smallest of the eight planets and is closest to the sun. There are numerous questions on Planets and their moons. Mercury is the second densest planet after Earth. Neptune’s moons are named after various sea gods and nymphs in Greek mythology. The mission comprises two satellites launched together: the Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO) and Mio (Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter, MMO). One day on Mars takes just a little over 24 hours (the time it takes for Mars to rotate or spin once). Auroras are caused by charged particles, mainly electrons and protons, entering the atmosphere from above causing ionisation and excitation of atmospheric constituents, and consequent optical emissions. Complete This was possibly because of a nearby supernova sending shock waves rippling through space. It makes one trip around the Sun once every 87.969 days. Mercury is not only the smallest, but also the fastest planet orbiting the Sun.Noticing the swift pace at which Mercury revolved around the Sun, ancient Romans named the planet after Mercury: the “swift-footed messenger of the gods”. This is called nuclear fusion. Most meteorites are either iron, stony or stony-iron. In fact, the extinction of dinosaurs the earth which occurred about 65 million years ago, is believed to have been caused by the collisions of some asteroids with the earth. Name of All Planets in our Solar System. Jovian Planets The four nearest planets to the Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, are called terrestrial planets because their structure is similar to earth. Atoms that are blasted off the surface by the solar wind and micrometeoroid impacts create Mercury’s exosphere. Many such collisions of the asteroids must have occurred in the past during the entire history of the earth which may have caused craters of different sizes on its surface. A circular shadow observed during the lunar eclipse can only be cast by a spherical body. Because its rising or setting is always within about two hours of the Sun’s, it … Everything that exists, from the Galactic Mega clusters to the tiniest subatomic particles, comprises the Universe. If you look around from any place, whether a mountain, a level plain, or top of a very tall building, the horizon will always appear circular. Each spot has a black centre or umbra, and a lighter region or penumbra, surrounding it. When an asteroid collides with the earth, then a huge crater is formed on the surface of the earth. Due this much proximity, mercury’s orbit is very much stretched into a long elliptical shape.. GK, General Studies, Optional notes for UPSC, IAS, Banking, Civil Services. Meteor showers are usually named after a star or constellation which is close to the radiant. Hey Dosto, In this article we will read about Universe and Solar system Planets information. Venus is a rocky planet, also known as a terrestrial planet. Highlights The mission BepiColombo consists of two satellites launched together. Many missions have visited Jupiter and its system of moons. They have a core of heavy metals.4. The two satellites will separate .. … Except Mercury and Venus, all other planets of solar system have satellites. The Jovian planets are: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. According to new definition, Neptune is the outermost planet of the solar system. This means that the sun rises in the west and sets in the east on Venus. The nearest galaxy to Milky Way is Andromeda. Mercury three times before going into orbit around Mercury in 2011. It is the closest planet to the sun. The inner rings are narrow and dark and the outer rings are brightly colored. But one assumption it got right was that the solar system was born from a giant gas of dust called as. More than 40 spacecraft have explored Venus. In order of their distance from the sun, they are: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. They have very few natural satellites (or moons) or no satellites.They have varied terrain such as volcanoes, canyons, mountains, and craters. UPSC. Mercury’s thin atmosphere, or exosphere, is composed mostly of oxygen (O2), sodium (Na), hydrogen (H2), helium (He), and potassium (K). One day on Uranus takes about 17 hours (the time it takes for Uranus to rotate or spin once). Mercury is a planet that loves to break records. 12. This is because the collision of an asteroid with the earth can cause a lot of damage to life and property on the earth. This is mainly because of its composition of heavy metals and rock. The 0.1% of matter that remained orbited around the Sun, causing the randomly shaped gas cloud to form a flat disc shape. Earth’s atmosphere is 78% nitrogen (N2), 21% oxygen (O2) and 1% other ingredients – the perfect balance for living beings to breathe and live. Here the temperature drops to 2-million-degree C. The photosphere’s temperature is 6,000°C. The solar system is dominated by the sun. The following are some of them. One day on Saturn takes 10.7 hours (the time it takes for Saturn to rotate or spin once). At 58 million kilometers distance, Mercury is closest planet to Sun. It does have a tenuous atmosphere, but ground and space-based observations see just the gray rocky color of Mercury. Its surface is covered with hard and loose dirt, craters and mountains. Neptune cannot support life as we know it. Mercury is a rocky planet, also known as a terrestrial planet. The effective temperature on the outer side of the photosphere is. Just like asteroids, comets are also of great interest to scientists. It has five moons. Moreover, planets with a weak or non-existent magnetosphere are subject to atmospheric stripping by the solar wind. An easy way to memorize the name of the planets in order of their distance from the sun is: MY VERY EFFICIENT MOTHER JUST SHOWED US NINE PLANETS. Smallest planet: Mercury; Largest planet: Jupiter; Inner planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars; Outer planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune; Planet Orbit: An orbit is a path an object takes in space as it revolves around another object. This is due to the centrifugal force caused by the Earth’s rotation around its axis. One day on Pluto is about 61/2 days on Earth. More than 100 spacecraft have been launched to explore the moon. Tests & Videos, you can search for the same too. The Kármán line is the altitude where space begins. The period of revolution of comets around the sun is, however, very large. Astronomers used to dismiss Mercury, the planet closest to the sun, as mere "dead rock," little more than a target for cosmic collisions that shaped it, said MIT planetary scientist Maria Zuber. This is the first article of your Geomorphology course for Geography Optional UPSC aspirants. Though the sun is the nearest star to the earth, even then it is at a distance of 150 × 106 kilometres from the earth and light, travelling at a great speed of 300,000 kilometres per second, takes about 8 minutes and 20 seconds to reach us from the sun. The differential rotation extends considerably down into the interior of the Sun but the core of the Sun rotates as a solid body. Every year the Earth passes through the comet tails, which allows the debris to enter our atmosphere where it burns up and creates fery and colorful streaks (meteors) in the sky. Star reflects Looks – Red with low temperature, Yellow with higher and blue with very high temperature. A third component is the ESA-built Mercury Transfer Module (MTM). This is possible only in case of a spherical body. Some may have depression (thumbprint-like), roughened or smooth exteriors. Comet Halley -It is a short period comet visible from Earth every 75-76 years. Mercury is a rocky planet, also known as a terrestrial planet. Sunspots appear as dark areas because they are about. EduRev is a knowledge-sharing community that depends on everyone being able to pitch in when they know something. These “handles” were, in fact, the rings of Saturn. Get exclusive UPSC Resources that I only share with Telegram subscribers. You can also find The Solar System UPSC Notes | EduRev ppt and other UPSC slides as well. However, light takes about 4.3 years to reach us from the next nearest star called. Engineers when driving poles of equal length at regular intervals on the ground have found that they do not give a perfect horizontal level. Several missions have visited this planet, from flybys and orbiters to rovers on the surface of the Red Planet. It is radiated outward to the surface, atmosphere, and beyond. Moon has no air or water. The difference between the equatorial diameter and the polar diameter is less than 44 km. Neptune has 13 moons. The ‘. Some meteors are the dust particles left behind by comets and others are the pieces of asteroid which have collided. The nebula began to collapse (gravitational collapse) in on itself after becoming gravitationally unstable. Uranus has an atmosphere which is mostly made up of hydrogen (H2) and helium (He), with a small amount of methane (CH4). When these particle enter into the earth’s atmosphere, they burn up due to heat produced by air resistance and produce a shower of meteors or shooting stars. Mercury is the smallest planet in the Solar System. As more matter got pulled in, the centre got denser and hotter, increasing the gravity and pulling even more dust inwards causing a, About 99.9% of the material fell into the centre and became the. The moon has no light of its own, it is light from the sun which is reflected by the moon’s surface. The Juno mission will arrive at Jupiter in 2016. Mercury Seven Données de la mission; Navigation; Groupe d'astronautes 2 Ce surnom vient du programme Mercury, pour lequel ces hommes ont été recrutés, ainsi qu'à leur nombre. This portion of blasted material then continued to orbit the earth and eventually formed into the present moon about 4.44 billion years ago. Moon revolves round the earth on a definite, regular path- the moon’s orbit. The moon makes a complete orbit around Earth in 2 Earth days and rotates or spins at that same rate, or in that same amount of time. Gradually they got larger and larger, sweeping up all the leftover dust, other protoplanets, planetesimals until they grew into the planets. The space craft has now crossed Venus on its way to Mercury. Because the moon is nearer to the earth, it appears to be much bigger than the stars. The satellites have no light of their own. The Kármán line is an attempt to define a boundary between Earth’s atmosphere and outer space. The sun is at the centre of the solar system and all these bodies are revolving around it. But people did not believe him. The moon is about one-fourth the size of the earth in diameter and weight is about one-eighth that of the earth. Why PLUTO is not considered as a planet? A giant interstellar cloud known as the solar nebula (a vast, swirling cloud of gas and dust) gave birth to our solar system and everything in it. Uranus has 13 known rings. Meteorites are a sort of stones from the sky. These notes will also be useful for other competitive exams like banking PO, SSC, state civil services exams and so on. But unlike the Asteroid Belt, it is much larger – 20 times as wide and 20 to 200 times as massive. If a meteor is big, a part of it may reach the earth’s surface without being burned up in the air. Watch Queue Queue. The Sun’s corona extends millions of kilometres into space and is most easily seen during a total solar eclipse. The Dawn mission is the first mission to orbit (2011) a main-belt asteroid (Vesta). Also Read – Geography Optional Syllabus For UPSC. The sun is the head of solar family or solar system. Luminous heavenly bodies which have their own light and other radiant energy are called a. They have a thin, rocky crust.2. In 1838, Sir George Darwin suggested that initially, the earth and the moon formed a single rapidly rotating body. Nebular Theory of Laplace (1796) tried to explain the formation of the solar system. You can see some The Solar System UPSC Notes | EduRev sample questions with examples at the bottom of this page. This is because they are made of the same material from which the whole solar system was made. Comets do not last forever. Orion or Mriga can be seen in the late evening during winter; Cassiopeia in the Northern Sky is seen during winter. The photosphere is the bright outer layer of the Sun that emits most of the radiation. It has been suggested that the Sun is 1% cooler when it has no sunspot and that this variation in solar radiation might affect the climates of the Earth. The nuclear fusion reactions taking place in the centre of the sun( in which hydrogen is converted into helium) produce a tremendous amount of energy in the form of heat and light. Once the centre of the cloud became hot enough it triggered nuclear fusion, and the Sun was born. The earth lies in this galaxy. A cette occasion, nous organisons pendant 3 jours des animations gratuites et ouvertes à tous !Au menu, il y a : conférences de chercheurs et ingénieurs dans le domaine de l’astronomie et du spatial ; diverses animations (lecture et création de cartes du ciel, fabrication… Lire la suite Mercury. The ionization of these elements increases the temperature of the corona. At a stage, it explodes as Supernova or changes into Neutron or Black Holes. Corona is seen in a form of spectral lines emitted by iron, calcium, and Nickle ions. Since 2004, Cassini has been exploring Saturn, its moons and rings. International Astronomical Union (IAU) recognized five dwarf planets such as Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake, and Sedan. One day on Neptune takes about 16 hours (the time it takes for Neptune to rotate or spin once). Thus, the motion of all members of the solar system is governed mainly by the gravitational force of the sun. just for education and the The Solar System UPSC Notes | EduRev images and diagram are even better than Byjus! Our atmosphere protects us from incoming meteoroids, most of which break up in our atmosphere before they can strike the surface as meteorites. A corona is a distinctive atmosphere of plasma that surrounds the Sun and other celestial bodies. Most (80 % or more) of the planet’s mass is made up of a hot dense fluid of “icy” materials – water (H2O), methane (CH4), and ammonia (NH3) – above a small rocky core. using search above. Great Bear consists of Ursa Minor (Laghu Saptarishi) and Ursa Major (Vrihat Saptarishi) and can be seen in the early night during summer. Other Objects in the skyIn addition to the stars, planets and satellite, there are three other objects which we can occasionally see in the sky during night. UPSC The Solar System UPSC Notes | EduRev Summary and Exercise are very important for The coma maybe hundreds of thousands of kilometers in diameter. However, some of Jupiter’s moons have oceans underneath their crusts that might support life. Saturn has the most spectacular ring system, which is made up of seven rings with several gaps and divisions between them. "Now, it's looking a lot more interesting," said Zuber . This is important for legal and regulatory measures; aircraft and spacecraft fall under different jurisdictions and are subject to different treaties. It is a star made up of extremely hot gases, particularly by hydrogen (70%), Helium (26.5%), and others (3.5%) gases. However, it is not a perfect sphere, rather it an oblate spheroid, bulging slightly at the equator and flattened slightly at the poles. It has gotten 1326 views and also has 4.9 rating. Nuclear fusion produces a huge amount of energy. When all the hydrogens of a star are used up then its helium begins fusing into carbon. Mains level : Not Much. out UPSC lecture & lessons summary in the same course for UPSC Syllabus. As the disc continued to cool, the planetesimals grew in size through accretion to form. Mercury is the smallest planet in the solar system. It should be noted that the number of meteorites striking the moon’s surface is quite large whereas very few meteorites reach the earth’s surface. It consists mostly of hydrogen gas. Meteoroids, meteors, and meteorites can not support life. It is similar to the asteroid belt, in that it contains many small bodies, all remnants from the Solar System’s formation. There are nine planets in our solar system. Mercury’s surface appears heavily cratered and is similar in appearance to the Moon’s, indicating that it has been geologically inactive for billions of years (because there is no atmosphere on Mercury). The moon revolve round the earth, so moon is a satellite of the earth. Saturn has 53 known moons with an additional nine moons awaiting confirmation of their discovery, that is a total of 62 moons. Sometimes an asteroid can collide with earth. These are asteroids, comets and meteors. Top 50 Questions About Universe and Universe History: In this post you can read 50 questions answers about Universe many factors like; Planet, Satellite, Asteroid, Black hole, Galaxy, Nebula, Solar-System, Star formation, Space and Space Missions, Universe History and recent activities & launches in astronomical science world those are most important and also very useful for any … It appears and disappears after, The cycle is marked by the increase and decrease of sunspots — visible as dark blemishes on the sun’s surface, or photosphere. This is due to the fact moon has no atmosphere to burn the falling meteorites by producing the frictional heat. Evidence of the earth’s SphericityThere are many ways to prove that the earth is spherical. Jupiter has 50 known moons, with an additional 17 moons awaiting confirmation of their discovery, that is a total of 67 moons. NASA has reported the discovery of an Earth-size planet, named TOI 700 d, orbiting its star in the “habitable zone”. 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